";s:4:"text";s:10792:"[12] As a student, she took every math course offered by the college. Later she was a member of a group of NASA employees called "computers," made up of African American women who excelled in mathematics and problem-solving. Katherine has referred to the women in the pool as virtual "computers who wore skirts". Johnson authored or coauthored 26 research reports during her career. [3][4][5][6] She was the youngest of four children. Katherine's knowledge of analytic geometry helped make quick allies of male bosses and colleagues to the extent that, "they forgot to return me to the pool". [33] She encouraged her grandchildren and students to pursue careers in science and technology. [50] In August 2018, West Virginia State University established a STEM scholarship in honor of Johnson and erected a life-size statue of her on campus. She retired from NASA in 1986. [29], Johnson spent her later years encouraging students to enter the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). "[28] Later in her career, Johnson worked on the Space Shuttle program, the Earth Resources Satellite,[1][26] and on plans for a mission to Mars. Glenn subsequently made history aboard Friendship 7, becoming the first U.S. astronaut to orbit Earth. "Jim" Johnson, a United States Army officer and veteran of the Korean War; the pair were married for 60 years until his death in March 2019 at the age of 93. She added: "I didn't feel any segregation. As IMDb celebrates its 30th birthday, we have six shows to get you ready for those pivotal years of your life ... your 30s. Katherine Jackson was born on May 4, 1930 in Barbour County, Alabama, USA as Katherine Esther Scruse. Katherine Johnson, née Katherine Coleman, also known as (1939–56) Katherine Goble, (born August 26, 1918, White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, U.S.—died February 24, 2020), American mathematician who calculated and analyzed the flight paths of many spacecraft during her more than three decades with the U.S. space program. [12] She was the first African-American woman to attend graduate school at West Virginia University in Morgantown, West Virginia. The Michael Jackson Interview: The Footage You Were Never Meant to See, Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration, Who Was Michael Jackson: Interview with Taj Jackson Updated, Unfiltered: Paris Jackson & Gabriel Glenn, Who Was Michael Jackson: Interview with Taj Jackson, Michael Jackson and Bubbles: The Untold Story. …other West Computers—including Vaughan and. Because Greenbrier County did not offer public schooling for African-American students past the eighth grade, the Colemans arranged for their children to attend high school in Institute, West Virginia. [1][24][25] Biography.com states these were "far more difficult calculations, to account for the gravitational pulls of celestial bodies". Michael Jackson: The Inside Story - What Killed the King of Pop? [38][39][40] Johnson was named West Virginia State College Outstanding Alumnus of the Year in 1999. She added that, in a time where computing was "women's work" and engineering was left to men, "it really does have to do with us over the course of time sort of not valuing that work that was done by women, however necessary, as much as we might. A film based on the book was also released in 2016. Corrections? From 1939 to 1956 she was Katherine Goble, having married James Goble. We were concerned about them getting back. Choose an adventure below and discover your next favorite movie or TV show. [11], After graduating from high school at 14, Johnson enrolled at West Virginia State, a historically black college. Born as Kattie B. Screws, on 4 May 1930, in Barbour County, Alabama, to Prince Albert and Martha Screws, Katherine Jackson is the lady behind the most popular music group ‘Jackson 5’ in America. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [41] President Obama said at the time, "Katherine G. Johnson refused to be limited by society's expectations of her gender and race while expanding the boundaries of humanity's reach. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Katherine-Johnson-mathematician, The HistoryMakers - Biography of Katherine G. Johnson, West Virginia University - Alumni Association - Katherine Johnson, Katherine Johnson - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Katherine Johnson - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race. Katherine was assertive, asking to be included in editorial meetings (where no women had gone before). Just at the age of 2, she was hit by polio, and all her dream shattered. At a family gathering in 1952, a relative mentioned that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was hiring mathematicians. [10] The family split their time between Institute during the school year and White Sulphur Springs in the summer. [45] In a 2016 video NASA stated, "Her calculations proved as critical to the success of the Apollo Moon landing program and the start of the Space Shuttle program, as they did to those first steps on the country's journey into space. Johnson was born as Creola Katherine Coleman on August 26, 1918, in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, to Joylette Roberta (Lowe) and Joshua McKinley Coleman. In 1937, at age 18, Coleman graduated with highest honours from West Virginia State College (now West Virginia State University), earning bachelor’s degrees in mathematics and French. She was an American hero and her pioneering legacy will never be forgotten. In 2019, Johnson was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. ", "Katherine Johnson, real-life subject of 'Hidden Figures' receives standing ovation at Oscars", "Q&A: Our interview with Katherine G. Johnson, the real-life mathematician who inspired 'Hidden Figures, Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, "William and Mary commencement sends graduates out on new adventure", "West Virginia State University to Honor Katherine Johnson with Statue, Scholarship", "Katherine Johnson to be included in Barbie 'Inspiring Women' series", "Inaugural Inductees Into Government Hall of Fame Unveiled", "NASA Dedicates Building To Hidden Figures Heroine Katherine Johnson", "NASA Honors 'Hidden Figure' Katherine Johnson", "Bethel School District names new school after pioneering black NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson", "Live, Learn, Pursue Passion – NASA Mathematician preps Class of 2006 to find its mission", "MLK Event to Feature 'Hidden Figures' Author Margot Lee Shetterly", National Center for Women & Information Technology, "Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom", "Katherine Johnson to receive the ASP's new Arthur B.C. "[27], Johnson later worked directly with digital computers. The three leading ladies did an excellent job portraying us. So Ted left Pearson with no choice; I finished the report and my name went on it, and that was the first time a woman in our division had her name on something. In 2016 NASA named a building, the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility, after her. The following year, at the request of John Glenn, Johnson verified that the electronic computer had planned his flight correctly. "[1], The highly acclaimed film Hidden Figures, released in December 2016, was based on the non-fiction book of the same title by Margot Lee Shetterly, which was published earlier that year. Coleman’s intelligence and skill with numbers became apparent when she was a child, and, by the time she was 10 years old, she had started attending high school. [26] Author Margot Lee Shetterly stated, "So the astronaut who became a hero, looked to this black woman in the still-segregated South at the time as one of the key parts of making sure his mission would be a success." Johnson accepted a job offer from the agency in June 1953.[4]. [14][10][15] Johnson was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha. At NASA Johnson was a member of the Space Task Group. Three years after his death, she married James Johnson. And it has taken history to get a perspective on that. In 1939 Johnson was selected to be one of the first three African American students to enroll in a graduate program at West Virginia University. Johnson was also part of the team that calculated where and when to launch the rocket for the Apollo 11 mission of 1969, which sent the first three men to the Moon. [1] She also calculated the launch window for his 1961 Mercury mission. During this time, NACA was segregated, and the West Computers had to use separate bathrooms and dining facilities. This school was on the campus of West Virginia State College (WVSC). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Claytor added new mathematics courses just for Johnson. Multiple professors mentored her, including the chemist and mathematician Angie Turner King, who had mentored Coleman throughout high school, and W. W. Schieffelin Claytor, the third African-American to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics. [26] In 1961, her work helped to ensure that Alan Shepard's Freedom 7 Mercury capsule would be found quickly after landing, using the accurate trajectory that had been established. Gaines v. Canada. You had a mission and you worked on it, and it was important to you to do your job ... and play bridge at lunch." Johnson also played an important role in NASA’s Mercury program (1961–63) of crewed spaceflights. President Barack Obama presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of 17 Americans so honored on November 24, 2015. Their main job was to read the data from the black boxes of planes and carry out other precise mathematical tasks. The first jobs she found were in teaching. She was previously married to, Michael Jackson's Father, Joe Jackson, Posts Bizarre Video Addressed to Blanket, Katherine Jackson Surrenders Guardianship of Michael Jackson's Youngest Son, Blanket, to Tj Jackson, Michael Jackson's Journey from Motown to Off the Wall, best people in the world so far i can think of, All New! [4] When NASA used electronic computers for the first time to calculate John Glenn's orbit around Earth, officials called on Johnson to verify the computer's numbers; Glenn had asked for her specifically and had refused to fly unless Johnson verified the calculations. "[2], On May 5, 2016, a new 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) building was named the "Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility" and formally dedicated at the agency's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. 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