";s:4:"text";s:4702:"Urd Geales, The Algeciras Conference (1906) that followed the First Moroccan Crisis formalized France's special interest in the region (opposed by Germany), and the Treaty of Fez (1912) made Morocco a French protectorate. Morocco had from 1912–1935 one of the largest 600 mm (1 ft 11 5⁄8 in) gauge networks in Africa with total length of more than 1,700 kilometres. [51] The abolition of the Spanish protectorate and the recognition of Moroccan independence by Spain were negotiated separately and made final in the Joint Declaration of April 1956. After a period of minimal profits and a massive locust swarm in 1930, agricultural production shifted toward irrigated, higher-value crops such as citrus fruits and vegetables. The character he gave to the administration exerted an influence throughout the period of the protectorate. Though the French government had proposed retiring to the coast, Lyautey managed to retain control of all the French-occupied territory. Support Group For Colon Resection, Grant For Furnishing Council House 2020, How To Maintain Stock Levels, [2], In 1402, the French adventurer Jean de Béthencourt left La Rochelle and sailed along the coast of Morocco to conquer the Canary islands. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. The French resumed their offensive in the Khénifra area in 1920, establishing a series of blockhouses to limit the Zaians' freedom of movement. "[36] In December 1934, a small group of nationalists, members of the newly formed Moroccan Action Committee (كتلة العمل الوطني, Comité d’Action Marocaine – CAM), proposed a Plan of Reforms (برنامج الإصلاحات المغربية) that called for a return to indirect rule as envisaged by the Treaty of Fez, admission of Moroccans to government positions, and establishment of representative councils. In 1911, the Mouflon designs were overprinted in Arabic; in the same year, the Sherifian post was created to handle local mail, using special stamps. The French dispatched a flying column at the end of April 1911 and Germany gave approval for the occupation of the city. Lyautey served his post until 1925, in the late midst of the failed revolt of the Republic of the Rif against Franco-Spanish administration and the Sultan. As a result, there was growing pressure jihad in defense of Morocco, particularly from Muhammad al-Kattani and the people of Fes. [61][62] As a francophone former colony of France in Africa, Morocco falls into the cadre of Françafrique and la Francophonie. In the months that followed independence, Muhammad V proceeded to build a modern governmental structure under a constitutional monarchy in which the sultan would exercise an active political role. The authorities in the Spanish Zone, who had not been consulted about the measure, did nothing to conceal their disapproval. Morocco. Sīdī Muḥammad approved this proposal, but it took weeks to persuade Mawlāy Ben ʿArafa to withdraw to Tangier. The majority of the people were equally affected by the arrival of U.S. and British troops, who exposed Moroccans to the outside world to an unprecedented degree. Subsequently, a clash with the police resulted in the arrest of hundreds of nationalists, who were held for two years without trial. [5] Morocco's independence did not mean an end to French presence. Under Louis, the French people helped the natives, teaching them methods to improve their farming. Massiah Doctrine, Under the protectorate, Moroccans were prevented from attending large political gatherings. In 1056, a Berber empire arose, however, under the Almoravid Dynasty, and for the next five hundred years, Morocco was governed by Berber dynasties: the Almoravids (from 1056), Almohads (from 1174), Marinid (from 1296), and Wattasid (from 1465). During the 1940's Morocco was under control of France and from 1940-1944 the Vichy government aligned with Nazi Germany. In December General Juin dismissed a nationalist member from a budget proposal meeting of the Council of Government; consequently, the 10 remaining nationalist members walked out in protest. Amount Of Unused Home Renovation Incentive Credit Carried Forward From Previous Year, [citation needed]. Following the invasion of Spain from the coast of Morocco by the Berber Commander Tariq ibn Ziyad in 711, during the 8th century Arab and Berber armies invaded Southern France, as far as Poitiers and the Rhône valley as far as Avignon, Lyon, Autun, until the turning point of the Battle of Tours in 732. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. ";s:7:"keyword";s:36:"how was morocco treated under france";s:5:"links";s:4197:"Royal Weather,
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