";s:4:"text";s:8383:"Julius II was succeeded on the Papal throne after the twenty-six days pontificate of. In Forlì, law and order had been maintained by Caterina's uncle Ludovico il Moro Sforza, Duke of Milan. Caterina and her entourage were therefore forced to go with the army that was preparing to conquer Pesaro. To justify Caterina's imprisonment, Pope Alexander VI accused her of trying to kill him in November 1499 with letters impregnated with poison, as a response to the Papal bull which had deprived the countess of her fiefdoms. The following year, in March 1478, Caterina gave birth to her first child,[11] a daughter named Bianca after both Girolamo's mother, Bianca della Rovere, and Caterina's paternal grandmother, Bianca Maria Visconti. In the summer of 1499, he came to Italy with a formidable army; without having to fight a single battle, he occupied Piedmont, as well as Genoa and Cremona. Caterina was unaware of the plot, and her revenge was terrible. The states of Forlì and Imola were smaller than the great Italian states but, due to their geographical position, had a considerable strategic importance on the political affairs. For many years she conducted a legal battle against her brother-in-law Lorenzo de' Medici for the custody of her son Giovanni, who was entrusted to him during her detention. After a brief stay in the residence of Cardinal Riario, Caterina embarked from Livorno to Florence,[54] where her children were waiting for her. Two months after the death of Girolamo, a rumour was spread that Caterina was close to marrying Antonio Maria Ordelaffi, who had started to court her. The Countess discovered the plot and imprisoned or executed those who were involved. [28] Caterina chose to join Naples and the Pope, and prepared the defence of Imola and Forlì against the French. Fortress where Caterina had made her official residence immediately after the death of Girolamo Riario. [24] Elizabeth Lev wrote on the matter in her biography of Caterina Sforza, The Tigress of Forli. She also sent her children to Florence. The same day, Ghetti went to Caterina, thinking that she had secretly given the order to kill Giacomo. The Republic of Florence was preparing to defend itself from the Republic of Venice, which aimed to control the city of. Among the gentlemen who were caught together with her, was also her secretary, Marcantonio Baldraccani. At the Sforza court, frequented by writers and artists, Caterina and her siblings received a humanistic education. Known for her military prowess, she roundly defeated Juan Borgia and the papal armies in their siege at Forli, her fortified castle. In Florence, Caterina lived in the villas which had belonged to her third husband Giovanni de' Medici, often staying at the Villa Medici di Castello. After an initial attack by the Venetians, which inflicted severe destruction, Caterina's army managed to outmanoeuvre them. Caterina is one of the few women discussed by Machiavelli at length. Giacomo was appointed castellan of the fortress of Ravaldino in place of his brother, and was awarded with an order of chivalry from Ludovico il Moro. After a triumphal entrance into Imola in 1477, Caterina went to Rome with her husband, where he lived for many years in the service of his uncle, the Pope. In the meantime, Louis XII had succeeded to the French throne. Persistent rumours, however, portrayed Girolamo as a natural son of the Pope. [61] Her body was placed in a small tomb in the chapel of Le Murate in Florence, a convent of nuns whom Caterina had befriended during her time in that city,[62] and where she had kept a cell as a spiritual retreat. With the assistance of her uncle Ludovico il Moro (very interested in securing some influence in the Romagna, to counter the influence of Venice), Caterina defeated her enemies and regained possession of her dominions. His uncle Ludovico eliminated from the succession the son of Gian Galeazzo, the rightful heir, and proclaimed himself Duke of Milan by the citizens, who did not oppose him. She sent a contingent of knights to the aid of Florence, led by Giovanni and her eldest son, Ottaviano Riario, accompanied by men she had trained herself. They renounced the Medici surname and took the name of "Popolano". Although her statement that she was pregnant is, by most historians, considered to have been a ruse, it rendered worthless any power the conspirators had in holding her children, Girolamo's legitimate heirs.[24]. [19] The cardinals again approached Girolamo, who took up a position against his wife. For several days the artillery of both factions engaged in a mutual bombardment: Caterina's cannon inflicted heavy losses on the French army, but the French artillery damaged the defences of the main fortress. The latter did not want to attend the funeral of Sixtus IV and refused to enter into conclave, for fear of coming under the fire of Caterina's artillery. To find additional money and troops, she wrote to her uncle Ludovico, the Republic of Florence and the neighbouring states who were her allies. Gian Antonio Ghetti and some of Caterina's own children formed a conspiracy. Sometime during this renovation, Caterina's body was lost. Louis claimed the rights both to the Duchy of Milan as a grandson of Valentina Visconti, and to the Kingdom of Naples as heir to the House of Anjou. To consolidate her power, she exchanged gifts with the lords of neighbouring states and involved herself in marriage negotiations for her children. Immediately after this conspiracy was foiled, another plot was organised by Antonio Maria Ordelaffi, who had never become resigned to the loss of Forlí, but this also failed. Alexander issued a Papal Bull on 9 March 1499 to invalidate the investiture of the feudal lords,[44] including Caterina. In the final years of her life, she confided to a monk: "Se io potessi scrivere tutto, farei stupire il mondo" (If I could write everything that happened, I would shock the world). sfn error: no target: CITEREFGraziani,_Venturelli2001 (. He confirmed Girolamo in his lordships of Imola and Forlì and his appointment as captain-general. Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Closed Captioning | Mobile User Agreement, California Privacy/Info We Collect | CA Do Not Sell My Info. By viewing our video content you are accepting the terms of our Video Services Policy. She earned the respect of the common folks after standing against the Duke of Valentinois Cesare Borgia when … Thirty-eight people were executed for the crime - including Ghetti and his wife and children - and many others imprisoned or exiled. At one or the other of the two places Caterina also probably acquired her lifelong passion for hunting. The bond between mother and daughter was never interrupted: in fact, Lucrezia followed Caterina's growth and was always close to her in the crucial moments of her life, even in the final years that she spent in Florence. Giovanni and his brother were able to return to their homeland. This marriage would end the claims of the Ordelaffi family on the city of Forlì. She had many children, but only the youngest, Captain Giovanni delle Bande Nere, inherited his mother's forceful, militant personality. Shortly after coming to Forlì, Giovanni and his entourage were housed in the apartments adjacent to Caterina's in the fortress of Ravaldino. Meanwhile, affairs between Florence and Venice were getting worse and Caterina, who occupied the main route between the two cities, prepared her defences. Once she gained her freedom in Rome, she led a quiet life in Florence. At first Pope Alexander VI also gave his support to Charles's claim, leading to four years of war. The Chronicle of Le Murate (1598) Ed. Soldiers sought out all who had taken part in the conspiracy. The Orsis believed Caterina because she left her children as hostages, but once inside she let loose a barrage of vulgar threats and promises of vengeance against her former captors. Fraser points out that whilst the murders ordered by Caterina were no worse than the massacres ordered by Isabella, historians have been much harsher in their judgment of the former. [57] The book, dating back to 1500, contains a total of 454 recipes, roughly 66 of which are cosmetic related, 358 medicinal, and 38 alchemical. She decreased taxes by reducing some and eliminating others, and sharply controlled her realm's spending. ";s:7:"keyword";s:23:"caterina sforza borgias";s:5:"links";s:8048:"Insaaf Ki Dagar Pe Movie Name,
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